Category: Agriculture

Over the last year or so there’s been a major change in world agriculture. It concerns the comparative power and market shares of two main players, the US and Brazil.

The main reason for the changing situation is the severe drought this year in farming areas of North America. This has of course led to drastic reductions there in the production of important crops of all kinds. One major example is corn (maize) an absolutely vital food for both humans and animals and one of the five main crops cultivated world-wide. There’s been nearly a fifty per cent drop in American output this year, due to the weather conditions there. Another important crop seriously restricted is soy (soya or soybeans) almost as vital as corn, with a one-third fall in production in the US.

Needless to say all this has had a severe knock-on effect on food prices worldwide, with many of the world’s poorest people bearing the brunt of the increases. According to the United Nations, world food prices experienced a six per cent rise overall in July this year. A huge amount for just one month.

Brazil has managed to redress the shortages to a considerable extent, without such severe weather conditions as the US and its own exports boosted by increased demand from countries such as China. Evidence of this points to the fact (according to the International Grains Council at least) that Brazil will overtake the USA as the world’s biggest soy producer this year.

Corn (maize) producers in Brazil are also seeing record growth in sales as they strive to fill the gap caused by widespread ruined harvests in their northern competitor. A significant feature is that this year, for the first time ever, the USA is actually importing corn from Brazil.

All this increased activity in Brazilian agriculture is of course due to the misfortunes of the North Americans, a situation that is regrettable for them. However, it is certainly good news for the southern hemisphere BRICS nation. According to Luiz Antonio Pinazza, the President of Brazil’s ‘Sectoral Chamber of Agricultural Inputs (‘CSIA’); “The US situation has created an atmosphere of euphoria in our own countryside”. However, so far the main beneficiaries of the boost seem to be the large food producers in Brazil with working class and middle class consumers much less enthusiastic over rising prices.

None the less, as regards providing opportunities for domestic or foreign short term investment or long term investment in Brazilian agriculture, the present situation is an attractive one. In the long term the private and public sectors both say that the benefits will ‘trickle down’ to everyone. In any event the view is that the general market economy in Brazil will benefit.

This is especially remarkable when one looks at the Government’s recent easing of restrictions in developing new agricultural land, especially in the rainforest areas. This is a controversial measure, to be sure, but one that President Dilma Rousseff and her government say is economically necessary. Environmentalists and conservationists don’t agree and say that the steps are actually not needed. The investment community in Brazil and well a Investment News websites tend not to sympathise with them and general investment in Brazil continues to grow year after year and with the upcoming Fifa World Cup in 2014 and the Rio Olympics in 2014 there has never been a better time to invest in Brazil and turn a modest profit.

In the earlier days, there were fertile lands to cultivate and food was plentiful and inexpensive. Agriculture was the only main occupation for the mankind. Over the years, the scientific advancement in every sector and the advanced technology has opened a new way, providing plethora of opportunities to the humans. Agriculture manufacturers and suppliers in the Middle East countries like Kuwait, Dubai and Saudi Arabia are showing more interest to produce as well as secure food supplies.

The main crops in UAE are tomatoes, dates, melons, potatoes, citrus, fodder crops and melons. The incessant supply of underground water from the nearby mountains plus the plentiful rainfall helps the crops to grow. The other vegetables and commodities are imported from various countries to meet their food supplies and agriculture products needs. Government in Middle East countries are taking steps to encourage domestic production.

There are few hurdles to agriculture in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Qatar are lack of arable lands, extreme heat conditions, periodic locusts swarms and limited ground water supplies. The steps to increase the land under cultivation have resulted in the depletion of underground water. In addition to agriculture, fishing in the rich waters create livelihood for centuries along the coast.

With the help of technology, agriculture can be done with adequate water supply, thereby making farming sustainable and get the best agriculture products in Qatar, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The proper linking between the farming market and agriculture suppliers, agriculture manufacturers and exporters in Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, Saudi Arabia and Qatar to come up with the best deal to enhance food security without compromising on the quality of the agriculture products. Therefore, the low quality agriculture products will not be oversupplied in the market. Besides the increasing water scarcity will not be overstrained.

The food safety, environmental protection, high technology irrigation techniques and good agricultural practices will strengthen the agriculture in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Abu Dhabi. As the demands of agriculture products increase every year, the food supply volume from agriculture suppliers and manufacturers are expected to increase. Due to the immense development in Dubai and other neighbouring countries, the increase in population has given rise to rural areas, which are now slowly turning into a new city.

The mankind is entering a phase called a food gap, which is the difference between production and demand, could be more than double. Running a farm is a daunting task as it involves more complexities from weather and land to water.

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PRODUCT PLANNING DISTRIBUTION AND MANAGEMENT (A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY’S PLC, ENUGU. 119. THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RELATIONS SKILL ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE OFFICE MANAGER 120. THE IMPACT OF THE PRESS IN SHAPING NIGERIAN POLITICAL STRUCTURE A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE 121. ANALYSING DEBT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IN BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY PLC, ENUGU) 122. EFFECT AND EVALUATION OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ITS EFFICIENCY ( A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE NIGERIA PLC ENUGU STATE) 123. THE CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE ROLE OF PLANNING AND FORECASTING IN BUSINESS ORGANISATION (A CASE STUDY OF EASTERN SHOP NIGERIA LIMITED OGUI ENUGU, ENUGU STATE) 124. THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY BANK IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA 125. THE PROBLEM OF MANAGING SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF EBERSON COMPANY NIGERIA LIMITED) 126. THE PRACTICE OF STAFF SELECTION AND INDUCTION IN UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC) 127. ANALYSING DEBT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IN BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY PLC, ENUGU) 128. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL OF JUNIOR STAFF IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS (A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY (N.E.P.A) ENUGU DISTRICT OFFICE) 129. PROBLEMS OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN ENUGU STATE GOVERNMENT PAPA STATES (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE BROADCASTING SERVICE (ESBS) ENUGU) 130. THE IMPACT OF STRIKE ACTION IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF TRADE UNION AIMS IN AN ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA UNION OF TEACTERS (NUT) ENUGU STATE). 131. THE IMPACT OF THE TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) ON PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF DIAMOND BANK, LTD OWERRI) 132. PEROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY FEMALE SECRETARIES IN BUSINESS ORGANISATION A (CASE STUDY OF NEPA). 133. THE IMPACT OF MONETARY INCENTIVE ON ORGANISATION PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK PLC ENUGU) 134. THE EFFECT OF STRATEGIC PLANNING ON ORGANISATION PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY PLC EASTERN REGION) 135. The root causes of the problems in the private company a case study of Ekene Dili Chukwu Transport Ltd 136. THE EFFECTS OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON YESTERDAY’S SECRETARIES (A STUDY OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS). 137. THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON BUSINESS ORGANIZATION IN ENUGU STATE (A CASE STUDY OF EMENE RICE MILLING COMPANY). 138. AN EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN GUARDIAN NEWSPAPER LTD, LAGOS 139. THE ROLE OF EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY IMT ENUGU STATE) 140. WOMEN INVOLVEMENT IN COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF EKU IN ETHIOPE EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE) 141. THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN POLYTECHNICS (A CASE STUDY OF OUR SAVIOUR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY) ENUGU. 142. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY AS A MANAGEMENT STRATEGY (A CASE STUDY OF UNILEVER NIGERIA PLC ENUGU DEPOT, ENUGU-STATE) 143. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE IN BANKING OPERATION\ (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU MAIN BRANCH) 144. CAUSES OF INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA. 145. THE ROLE OF RETAILING BUSINESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA ECONOMY (A CASE STUDY OF CITY GIFT SUPERMARKET ENUGU) 146. THE EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION GAP IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ORGANISATIONAL GOAL. (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY ONITSHA.) 147. THE ROLE OF SMALL INDUSTRIES IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA (CASE STUDY OFREDIMA SACHET WATER) 148. THE EFFECT OF PRIVATILATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION ON NIGERIA ECONOMY 149. MOTIVATION AS A MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WORKERS (A CASE STUDY OF ENTRACO LIMITED ENUGU) 150. MANAGEMENT PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS OF HOTELS (A CASE STUDY OF ROYAL PALACE HOTELS LTD ENUGU) 151. ATTITUDE OF CONSUMERS TOWARDS PUBLIC UTILITIES. (A CASE STUDY OF POWER HOLDING COMPANY FORMERLY CALLED NEPA) 152. THE APPRAISAL OF MAN POWER TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO ENUGU 153. MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SERVICE (A CASE STUDY OF THE NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY PLC) 154. THE IMPACT OF FUEL SCARCITY ON NIGERIAN ECONOMY (A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENUGU METROPOLIS AREA) 155. FUEL DISTRIBUTION IN NIGERIA: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (A CASE STUDY OF NNPC ENUGU DEPOT) 156. INVEMTORY VALUATION AS AN AID TO MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF TEA- TIME PORTED INDUSTRY ENUGU) 157. THE EFFECT OF FUEL CRISES IN NIGERIAN ECONOMY (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE) 157. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF WATER CORPORATION AWKA) 158. THE EFFECT OF POOR MANAGEMENT IN PRIVATE OWNER ESTABLISHMENT (A CASE STUDY OF POWERFUL LIMITED ENUGU STATE) 159. THE IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES TO A BUSINESS ORGANISATION 160. THE NEED FOR IMPROVED CUSTOMER SERVICES IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA ENUGU MAIN BRANCH) 161 THE IMPACT OF PERSONNEL SATISFACTION ON ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO ENUGU). 162. THE IMPACT OF CO-OPERATIVE ORGANIZATION (MULTI PURPOSE) IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF ENUGU STATE. (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS) 163. EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF MARKETING CONCEPT IN BANK SERVICE (A CASE STUDY OF COMMERCIAL BANK IN ENUGU) 164. THE MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE EFFECTS AND MEAN OF CREATING AWARENESS ON RADIO AND TELEVISION FOR BEVERAGES [A CASE STUDY OF MILO FOOD DRINKS] 165. AN APPRAISAL OF THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CONSUMER CHOICE FOR CIGARETTE BRANDS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS 166 PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP (A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED PRIVATE BUSINESS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS) 167. AN EFFECTIVE MANAGERIAL CONTROL -A GIVE TO ORGANISATIONAL CONTROL.(A CASE STUDY OF EMNITE NIG. LTD). 168. THE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND REMEDIES OF ORGANISATION CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA TEACHING HOSPITAL. [A CAUSE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA TEACHING HOSPITAL ([UNTH) ENUGU] 169. THE CAUSE OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS FAILURES IN NIGERIA AND ITS REMEDIES. (ACASE STUDY OF ENUGU) 170. THE PROBLEMS OF FINANCIAL SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ALPHA PAPER MILL LTD. OGIDI) 171. STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS SCARCITY IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE) 172. THE ROLE OF MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION IN IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIZATION A CASE STUDY OF ANCCOR FOODS AND PACKAGING NIGERIA LIMITED ENUGU 173. THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY(A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK NIGERIA PLC, ENUGU BRANCH). 174. MANAGEMENT OF EMPLOYEE WELFARE WITH EMPHASIS ON INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT AND SAFETY(A CASE STUDY OF NB PLC 9TH MILE CORNER ENUGU) 175. THE CHALLENGES OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY ALUMINIUM INDUSTRY) 176. A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS OF TIMBER BUSINESS IN ENUGU STATE. A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU TIMBER DEALERS AND SAWERS ASSOCIATION KENYATA 177. FEASIBILITY OF DRINKING WATER BUSINESS IN CAMPUS III OF IMT ENUGU 178. THE IMPACT OF MOTIVATION ON STAFF OVERALL PERFORMANCE IN THE CIVIL SERVICE (A CASE STUDY ON MINISTRY OF EDUCATION – EBONYI) 179. THE IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL ON PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES PLC 9TH MILE CORNER ENUGU) 180. THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO ENUGU.) 181. THE GROWTH OF BUSINESS EDUCATION IN SOME SELECTED HIGHER INSTITUTION IN ENUGU METROPOLIS. 182. THE ISSUE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY A MUST TO NIGERIAN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF GUINNESS NIGERIA PLC) 183. THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC) 184. THE EFFECTS OF ADVERTISING ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN ENUGU METROPOLIS. (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY 9TH MILE ENUGU.) 185. THE IMPACT OF MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING IN EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF PARASTATALS (A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY ENUGU STATE) 186. ASSESSMENT OF THE CRITERIA FOR THE PROMOTION OF EMPLOYES IN ALO ALUMINIUM COMPANY. 187. THE IMPACT OF APPRENTICESHIP IN THE EXAMINATION OF MANPOWER IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS)

188. THE ROLE OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT ON THE NIGERIA BREWERY INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERY INDUSTRY 9TH MILE CORNER, ENUGU 189. MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF INVENTORY IN A MANUFACTURING ORGANISATION. (A case study of S. I. O. and ALLIED INDUSTRIES LTD ASABA) 190. ATTITUDE OF CONSUMERS TOWARDS NIGERIAN MADE GOODS (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS) 191. THE EFFECTS OF FUEL CRISIS IN NIGERIA ECONOMY (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS) 192. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF MANGERS IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO LTD ENUGU 193. IMPROVING DISTRIBUTION EFFECTIVENESS IN MARKETING OPERATION 194. STRATEGIES FOR PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA (A STUDY OF ENUGU STATE) 195. THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ON MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS IN NIGERIA.(A CASE STUDY OF ENTRACO ENUGU) 196. THE EFFECT OF RECRUITMENTS, SELECTION AND PLACEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED INSURANCE FIRMS IN PORT HARCOURT 197. CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH L.G.A) 198. THE ROLE OF PLANNING AND FORECASTING IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF EASTERN SHOP NIGERIA LIMITED OGUI ENUGU, ENUGU STATE) 199. PROBLEM AND PROSPECT OF SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISE IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF EZINIHITTE IN IMO STATE) 200. THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON BUSINESS ORGANIZATION IN ENUGU STATE (A CASE STUDY OF EMENE RICE MILLING COMPANY) 201. RETRENCHMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON THE MORAL OF WORKERS IN ENUGU STATE (A CASE STUDY OF IMT ENUGU) 202. THE EFFECT OF MONETARY INCENTIVE ON WORKERS PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIAN ORGANISATION (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS LIMITED ENUGU) 203. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION IN A BUSINESS ORGANISATION 204. APPLICATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF NIGERIA ECONOMY (A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE LTD, EMENE, ENUGU) 205. CHEM ENGR ) THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON CORROSION 206. EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURE IN NIGERIA BUSINESS (CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK PLC ENUGU) 207. THE IMPACT OF MANPOWER TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE OIL INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LIMITED) 208. THE IMPORTANCE OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL FOR COST REDUCTION IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES. (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES, PLC 9TH MILE CORNER) 209. THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION PROCESSES IN THE MAANGEMENT OF GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS (A CASE STUDY OF NEPA, ENGU) 210. INDUSTRIAL CONFLICT AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT. (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO EMENE, ENUGU) 211. THE IMPACT OF WELFARE SCHEME ON THE MOTIVATION OF WORKERS. [A CASE STUDY OF (ESBS) ENUGU] 212. TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT AND CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH MASS TRANSIT 213. AN APPRAISAL OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A CASE STUDY OF MR. BIGGS OKPARA AVENUE ENUGU, ENUGU STATE 214. The effect of retrenchment on the moral of workers AND PRODUCTIVITY. (A case study of federal radio corporation of Nigeria (fRcn) Enugu zone) 215. HND MANAGEMENT OF FRAUD IN THE NIGERIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS. (A SURVEY OF SELECTED BANKS IN NNEWI) 216. THE EFFECTS OF PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY.(A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY PLC 9TH MILE PLANTED AT NSUDE) 217. EFFECTS OF SELECTION PROCESS ON LABOUR TURNOVER AND PRODUCTIVITY OF EMPLOYEES (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY PLC, 9TH MILE ENUGU) 218. THE IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF NITEL ENUGU) 219. THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT SUCCESSION IN AN ORGANISATION GOAL ATTAINMENT. (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION.) 220. CULTURAL INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN PROGRAMME IN BROADCASTING (A CASE STUDY OF -CHANNEL O’ PROGRAMME ON ENUGU RESIDENTS) 221. THE NEED FOR STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN DELTA-STATE (A CASE STUDY OF IKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA) 222. THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN AN ORGANISATION PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY, 9TH MILE CORNER, ENUGU). 223. THE LATEST COMMUNICATION OFFICE EQUIPMENT AND THEIR EFFECT ON SECRETARIES PROFESSION (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC (NB) ENUGU 224. COMMUNICATION AS A TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC) 225. THE IMPACT OF -MARKETING MIX- IN THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF ORGANIZATION OBJECTIVE (A CASE STUDY OF UNILEVER BROTHERS NIGERIA PLC) 226. EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVE AND IT’S APPLICATIONS IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC NEW MARKET ROAD, ONITSHA). 227. EFFECTIVE INVENTORY CONTROL AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING AN ORGANIZATION IS PERFORMANCE. (A CASE STUDY OF NBC PLC) NINTH MILE CORNER, ENUGU 228. EFFECTS OF POOR MANAGEMENT IN PRIVATE OWNED ESTABLISHMENT A CASE STUDY OF POWERFUL LIMITED ENUGU, ENUGU STATE 229. THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCIES ON SMALL SCALE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT. (A CASE STUDY OF MACON BREAD INDUSTRY IN ENUGU STATE). 230. THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN COMMUNITY BANKING (A CASE STUDY OF NNEBUIFE COMMUNITY BANK NIGERIA LIMITED ENUGU). 231. THE CAUSES AND IMPACT OF CONFLICT IN AN ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK NIGERIA PLC ENUGU) 232. THE ROLE OF MANAGERS IN MANAGEMENT OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS. (A CASE STUDY OF TOP RANK HOTELS INDEPENDENCE LAYOUT ENUGU). 233. THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING AND CONTROL IN AN ORGANISATION (A CASE STUDY OF GENERAL COTTON MILL LTD. ONITSHA, ANAMBRA STATE) 234. IMPACT OF BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTROL (A CASE STUDY OF MORRIS FERTILIZER COMPANY MINNA, NIGERIA STATE) 235. EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL IN PRIVATE SECTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY (A CASE STUDY OF JUHEL AND HADIS & DROMEDAS NIGERIA LIMITED) 236. THE USE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT (A CASE STUDY OF NEWSPAPER) 237. PUBLIC RELATION AS AN AID TO SUCCESSFUL GOVERNMENT BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE BROADCASTING SERVICES) 238. ADVERTISING: A SURVIVAL STRATEGY FOR MASS MEDIA ORGANISATION (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA TELEVISION AUTHORITY, NTA, ENUGU) 239. IFFERENCE IN WAGES AND SALARIES STRUCTURE IN THE NIGERIA ECONOMIC (A CASE STUDY OF UNTH HEALTY SECTOR) 240. THE IMPACT OF EXCHANG RATE FLUCTUATION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN NIGERIA. 241. MANAGING RURAL DEVELOPEMNT THROUGH INDUSTRILIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF AGWU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA0 242. THE USE OF THE COMMITTEES SYSTEM IN ORGANISATIONAL DECISION MAKING 243. SURVIVAL STRATEGY ADOPTION BY SMALL SCALE RETAIL OUTLET, IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF HERITAGE NIGERIA LIMITED, NEW HAEVEN ENUGU) 244. MOTIVATION AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WORKER (A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE NIGERIA PLC) 245. survey of the effects of Human resources training and development in workers productivity 246. THE IMPACT OF FRINGE BENEFITS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WORERS IN HOTEL AND CATERING INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF ZODIAC HOTEL LTD) 247. A critical appraisal of the strategies of exportation of made in Nigeria goods is a topic chosen from marketing field. 248. THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT STYLES ON WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY IN ENUGU STATE (A CASE STUDY OF HOTEL PRESIDENTIAL) 249. PROBLEM OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATION (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, ABUJA) 250. ND THE ROLE OF NIGERIAN MERCHANT BANK IN FINANCING INTERNATIONAL TRADE 251. CHEM ENGR) PRODUCTION OF PLASTIC MATERIALS 252. EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND ITS IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO.) 253. STAFF INDUCTION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR IMPROVING WORKERS’ EFFICIENCY (A CASE STUDY OF MILO EXPRESS COMPANY, LAGOS) 254. EMPLOYEE WELFARE PROGRAMME IN NIGERIA (NITEL LIMITED) 255. THE PROBLEMS OF INEFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN AN ORGANIZATION: (A CASE STUDY OF VETCO GRAY NIGERIA LIMITED, PORT-HARCOURT 256. A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE STRATEGIES OF THE EXPORTATION OF MADE IN NIGERIA GOODS IS A TOPIC CHOSEN FROM MARKETING FIELD 257. THE ROLE OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIA PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATION. (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN TELECOMMUNICATION LIMITED ENUGU) 258. THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE ON THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF SELECTED GOVERNMENT PROSTRATES ( A CASE STUDY OF I.M. T. AND STAR PRINTING PUBLISHING COMPANY SPP. 259. THE IMPACT OF BUSINESS POLICY ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE 260. CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING IN NIGERIA (A CASE OF INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, (IMT) ENUGU) 261. PRIVATIZATION OF GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS AS A PANACEA FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH (A CASE STUDY OF NEPA ENUGU) 262. AN APPRAISAL OF THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CONSUMER CHOICE FOR CIGARETTE BRANDS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS 263. THE EFFECTS OF BAD MANAGEMENT IN TODAY’S SOCIETY (A CASE STUDY OF ADAVHI PLASTIC COMPANY ABA, ABA METROPLIS) 264 LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT 265. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF BAD MANAGEMENT IN TODAY SOCEITY (A CASE STUDY OF IKEMU PLASTIC INDUSTRY UMUOJI ANAMBRA) 266. PROBLEMS OF INADEQUATE FUEL DISTRIBUTION IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE) 267. THE IMPLICATION OF PRIVATIZATION ON NIGERIA ECONOMY (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA NATIONAL PETROLEUM COMPANY NNPC) 268. EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY PLC ONITSHA) 269. PROBLEMS FACING STUDENTS IN HIGHER INSTITUTION [CASE STUDY OF I.M.T AND SUGGESTED WAYS OF SOLVING THEM. 270. ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT CAPABILITIES OF THE NIGERIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM (A CASE STUDY OF IDEMILI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA). 271. THE ROLES OF MANAGEMENT, THE PROBLEMSAND PROSPECTS OF WORKERS IN PUBLIC SERVICES (A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY, ENUGU). 272. THE EFFECT OF UNCONTROLLABLE IMPORTATION IN OUR SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES PLC) 273. THE CONTRIBUTION OF OIL COMPANIES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PORT HARCOURT LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND OGONI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS IN RIVER STATE 274. THE PROBLEM FACING COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANKS OF NIGERIA UNITED BANKS FOR AFRICAN AND AFRICAN BANK 275. EFFECTS OF PRIVATIZATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION ON THE COMPANY MANAGEMENT A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED COMPAY IN IMO STATE 276. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING WORKERS MORALE AND PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION. [A CASE OF STUDY OF ENUGU STATE TRANSPORT COMPANY (ENTRACO)]. 277. PRICING STRATEGY IN A COMPETITIVE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT (A CASE STUDY OF S.P.D.C. DELTA STATE WARRI) 278. THE IMPACT OF SUPERVISION OF EFFECTIVE BANK MANAGEMENT (A CASE STUDY OF UBA PLC, MAIN BRANCH, STATION ROAD, ENUGU) 279. THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE IN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT (A CASE STUDY OF GENERAL COTTON MILL ONITSHA ANAMBRA STATE) 280. APPRAISAL OF INCOME TAX COLLECTION AND ANDMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF BOARD OF INTERNAL REVENUE (B.I.R) ENUGU) 281. THE EFFECT OF DUMPING HUMAN WASTE IN THE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY AND HOW TO SOLVE THEM 282. CHEM ENGR)TEMPERATURE AND WATER REQUIREMENT FOR LEACHING OF CAUSTIC ALKALI FROM -NGU’ 283. THE PROBLEMS OF NIGERIAN PERSONAL INCOME TAX ADMINISTRATION. (A CASE STUDY OF MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, ENUGU) 284. THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON WORKERS PERFORMANCE IN A MANUFACTURING FIRM (A CASE STUDY OF AUTOSTAR GALLARY LIMITED, EMENE, ENUGU) 285. CHEM ENGR) PRODCUTION OF WOOD ADHESIVE 286. DIVIDEND POLICIES (A CASE STUDY OF SOME QUOTED COMPANIES LISTED IN NIGERIA STOCK EXCHANGING) 287. THE STRATEGIES FOR AVOIDANCE OF DISTRESS IN NIGERIA COMMERCIAL BANK (A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK PLC ENUGU) 288. SENIOR MANAGEMENT RECRUITMENT (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO) 289. THE CHALLENGES OF SECRETARIES WORKING IN FINANCIAL HOUSES (A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA PLC, ENUGU MAIN BRANCH) 290. REASONS FOR LOW PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF SUNRISE FLOOR MILL EMENE) 291 THE IMPACT OF SMUGGLING ON OUR LOCAL INDUSTRIES (A CASE STUDY OF SUNRISE FLOUR MILL, EMENE, ENUGU.) 292. THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON WORKERS PERFORMANCE IN A MANUFACTURING FIRM (A CASE STUDY OF AUTO STAR GALLERY LIMITED EMENE ENUGU) 293. ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON OUR ECONOMY A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE. 294. WASTE DISPOSAL AND MANAGEMENT IN DELTA STATE URBAN (A CASE STUDY OF DELSEPA) 295. TRAINING AND STAFF DEVELOPMENT OPPORUNTIES IN UNION BANK (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK PLC) 296. MASS MEDIA AS AN INSTRUMENT OF POLITICAL MOBILIZATION. A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE BROADCASTING SERVICE (ESSBS) 297. SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME IN MANUFACTURING FIRM USING THE NINTH MILE ENUGU AND GOLDEN GUNIEA PLC (NBPC) UMUAHIA FOR THE EASE STUDY. 298. RAW MATERIAL MANAGEMENT IN A BREWERY INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF GUINESS NIGERIA PLC) 299. THE IMPACT OF PERSONNEL SATIFACTION ON ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMCO) 300. EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING AN ORGANIZATION COMMITMENT. (A CASE STUDY OF I.M.T) 301. THE IMPACT OF MONETARY POLICY ON BANKING INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED BANKS FROM 1984-2004) 302. CHEM ENGR) PRODUCTION OF ALKALI USING LOCAL RAW MATERIAL (PALM INFORESCENCE) 303. THE ROLE OF REGISTRY DEPARTMENT IN A TERTIARY INSTITUTION (A CASE STUDY OF INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY (IMT) ENUGU) 304. THE ROLE OF A MANAGER IN SMALL SCALE BUSINESS ORGANIZATION A CASE STUDY OF BLIO TEX TRADING AND CONSTRUCTION COMPANY NIGERIA. LIMIED, ENUGU. 305. THE IMPACT OF GOOD MANAGEMENT ON PRODUCTIVITY IN MANUFACTURING FIRM IN ANAMBRA STATE (A CASE STUDY OF GENERAL COTTON MILL ONITSHA) 306. IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES IN NNEWI-SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ANAMBRA STATE 307. EFFECTS OF PERSONNEL POLICIES ON ORGANISATIONAL EFFECTIVENCESS, (ACASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO LTD, EMENE ENUGU) 308. JOB INTERVIEW – A WAY OF SELECTING SUITABLE WORKER IN INDUSTRIES (A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE ASBESTOR NIGERIA LIMITED, EMENE ENUGU) 309. AN EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES ENUGU) 310. A STUDY ON THE CONSTRAINS, DIFFICULTIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF ENSEPA IN MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE/REFUSE IN ENUGU URBAN. 311 EFFECT OF POLLUTION TO THE SOCIETY IT’S CAUSES AND EFFECTS (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS) 312. TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS IN MULTI-CAMPUSES IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING AND THEIR POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS A CASE STUDY OF INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY ENUGU. 313. SURVIVAL STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY SMALL -SCALE RETAIL OUTLETS IN NIGERIA (A case study of Eastern shop Ogui road Enugu) 314. STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING AND PROMOTING CAPITAL FORMATION AMONG SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF HERITAGE COMPANY ENUGU) 315. THE CONCEPT OF COST CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC FUNDS A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC PLANNING. 316. CHEM ENGR) EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM LOCAL SEED (GROUNDNUT SEED) & CHARACTERIZATION 317. AN EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION PROCESS AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES ENUGU 318. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF QUALITY CONTROL IN MANUFACTURING FIRMS.(A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC ENUGU) 319. PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENT IN GOVERNMENT OWNER CORPORATIONS A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE WATER CORPORATION 320. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF ESTABLISHMENT OF SMALL -SCALE INDUSTRIES IN ENUGU STATE (A CASE STUDY OF PATONY BLOCK INDUSTRY PRESIDENTIAL ROAD) 321. IMPACT OF STRATEGIC PLANNING ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY; EASTERN REGION(A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY PLC.) 322. INDUSTRIAL CONFLICT AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO, EMENE, ENUGU) 323. IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF NIGERIA CIVIL SERVICE. (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE) 324. INTERFACE MONITORING AND ANALYSIS OF PIPELINE AND PRODUCTS MARKETING COMPANY LIMITED ENUGU DEPOT. 325. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF NIGERIAN COMPANIES A CASE STUDY OF SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT COMPANY AND CHEVROM 326. THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT(A CASE STUDY OF NITEL, ENUGU) 327. THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL IDENTITY AND HOW NIGERIAN IDENTITY CAN BE RESTORD IN EVERY ADMINISTRATION 328. THE ROLE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN REVAMPING THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY (A CASE STUDY OF STAR LINE NIGERIA LIMITED ABA) 329. FULFILLMENT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES AS A BUSINESS SURVIVAL STRATEGY (A CASE STUDY OF SEVEN UP BOTTLING COMPANY PLC NINTH MILE CORNER, AMEKE NGWO) 330. THE ROLE OF BUDGETING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE MINISTRY OF WORKS AND HOUSING, ENUGU. 331. THE IMPACT OF STAFFS DEVELOPMENT IN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF GOVERNMENT PARASTATAL OF NEPA, ENUGU DISTRICT. 332. ENTERPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT AUDITS IMPACT IN OUR ECONOMY (A CASE STUDY OF EBOYI STATE) 333 THE RELEVANCE OF COMPUTERS IN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM. (A CASE STUDY OF NITEL PLC ENUGU) 334. THE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT PROBLEM OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY. (A CASE STUDY OF NNEWI WATER CO-OPERATION ANAMBRA STATE) 335. SURVIVAL STRATEGY ADOPTION BY SMALL SCALE RETAIL OUT LET IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF HERITAGE NIGERIA LIMITED NEW HAVEN ENUGU) 336. INDUSTRIAL RELATION AS A VERITABLE INSTRUMENT FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE IN AN ORGANISATION. (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BEWERIES PLC, ENUGU) 337. THE IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES TO A BUSINESS ORGANISATION 338. -LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT IN BANKS- (CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK PLC AND NISE COMMUNITY BANK). 339. STRATEGIES FOR INTRODUCING A NEW PRODUCT IN THE MARKET (A CASE STUDY OF FANTA LEMON OF COCA-COLA COMPANY IN ENUGU METROPOLIS) 340. THE EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON MANAGEMENT OF AN ORGANIZATION 341. THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON WORKERS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN NIGERIA TELECOMMUNICATION 342. THE PRACTICS OF BUSINESS ETHICS AMONGST OGBETE MAIN MARKET TRADERS ASSOCITION 343. CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATION GAP IN OFFICE ADMINISTRATIVE EFFICIENCY (A CASE STUDY OF UDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA) 344. PUBLIC RELATION AS A TOOL FOR INDUSTRIAL HARMONY (A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIAN POLICE ENUGU) 345. MARKET ACCEPTABILITY OF LOCALLY MADE COSMETICS PRODUCTS (BEAUTY AIDS) IN NIGERIA A CASE STUDY OF FEMALE CONSUMERS IN ENUGU URBAN 346. THE ROLE OF TRADE FAIR IN MARKETING OF GOODS AND SERVICES (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU CHAMBER OF COMMERCE) 347. PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS OF DISTRIBUTING SOFT DRINKS PRODUCTS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS (A CASE STUDY OF SEVEN UP BOTTLING CO. PLC) 348. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF PIPLINE AND PRODUCT MARKETING COMPANY ENUGU). 349. SHORTAGE OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN GOVERNMENT ESTABLSHMENT PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (A CASE STUDY OF MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC PLANNING ENUGU STATE) 350. THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON THE NIGERIA ECONOMY (A CASE STUDY OF NDOKWA WEST L.G.A IN DELTA STATE). 351. USING MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM TO IMPROVE CUSTOMER SERVICES IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF INTER-CONTINENT BANK) 352. THE ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN FINANCING SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC) 353. CONTRIBUTION OF TRESPUTATION INDUSTRY TO THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA RAILWAY CORPORATION) 354. ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF A SMALL SCALE POULTRY BUSINESS. (A CASE STUDY OF ALPHA POULTRY FARM EMENE, ENUGU STATE) 355 PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF MANAGEMENT OF HOTELS (A CASE) STUDY OF HOTEL PRESIDENTIAL 356. THE ROLE OF THE MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANT IN PROFIT MAXIMIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE PLC) 357. THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT INTERFERNCE IN MANAGEMENT OF FINACIAL INSTITUTION (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC) 358. ND Problems of effective management in government owned companies 359. EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION ON BUSINESS (A CASE STUDY OF N.B.L. PLC) 360. MANAGEMENT OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN ENUGU STATE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA) 361. THE ROLE OF MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS (A CASE STUDY OF JOHN HOLT) 362. THE IMPACT OF DELEGATION ON MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING (A CASE STUDY OF ZENITH BANK PLC ENUGU) 363. USING MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM TO IMPROVE CUSTOMER SERVICES AND GROWTH IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY. (A CASE STUDY OF INTER-CONTINENTAL BANK) 364. EFFECTS OF PERSONNEL POLICIES ON ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMCO LTD. EMENE ENUGU) 365. MANAGEMENT OF PENSION SCHEMES IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC SERVICE (A CASE STUDY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PENSION/ESTABLISHMENT, ENUGU STATE PUBLIC SERVICE) 366. THE IMPACT OF REMUNERATIONS AND WORKING CONDITIONS ON ORGANIZATIONS PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF LIFE BREWERY ONITSHA) 367. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES (A CASE OF ANAMMCO) 368. THE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND REMEDIES OF ORGANISATION CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA TEACHING HOSPITAL [A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA TEACHING HOSPITAL (UNTH) ENUGU] 369. ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN COMMUNITY BANKING (A CASE STUDY OF OGUI URBAN COMMUNITY BANK NIG. LTD. ENUGU) 370. AN APPRISIAL OF THE ROLE OF SMUGGLING ACTIVITIES IN THE TOTAL PURCHASEPRICE OF MATERIALS (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA IMGRATION ENUGU) 371. RESEARCH AS INSTRUMENT OF ORGANIZATION EFFECTIVENESS (A CASE OF THE NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY PLC ENUGU) 372. ASSESSING THE CONTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND (ITF) IN MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF ITF EMENE) 373. THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVE (MBO) ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN EMPLOYEE (A CASE STUDY OF LOPA ENERGY CO LTD) 374. THE EFFECTS OF POOR OFFICE ENVIRONMENT ON THE MOTIVATION OF WORKERS IN AN ORGANISATION (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE) 375. ADMINISTRATIVE STRESS AND MODERN MANAGAER IN PRIVATE BUSINESS ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY HALLMARK BANK ENUGU) 376. INCREASING ORGANISATIONAL EFFICIENCY THROUGH CONFLICT RESOLUTION (A CASE STUDY OF UBA PLC ENUGU) 377. PROBLEM AND PROSPECT OF POULTRY MANAGEMENT (A CASE OS STUDY OF PHINOMAR NIGERIA LIMITED (NGWO) 378. CASH MANAGEMENT IN MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES (A CASE STUDY OF MR BIGGS ENUGU) 379. the organization and management problems of rural water supply in Nnewi Anambra State. 380. THE EFFECT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINIST-RATION IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. (A CASE STUDY OF IDEMILI LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN ANAMBARA STATE) 381. PETROLEUM DISTRIBUTION IN ENUGU STATE PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS 382. RESEARCH AS INSTRUMENT OF ORGANIZATION EFFECTIVENESS (A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY PLC ENUGU.) 383. THE SIGNIFICANT OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT IN BUSINESS ORGANISATION (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES PLC,9TH MILE CORNER, ENUGU) 384. MOTIVATION AS A MEANS OF STAFF PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF DELTA GLAS PT) 385. THE EFFECT OF THE CURRENT EXCHANGE RATE POLICY ON THE MANUFACTURING A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCOMANUFACTURING COMPANY 386. CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA) 387. POLICY MAKING AND IMPLEMENTATION A TOOL FOR AN EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TO ACHIEVE THE OBJECTIVE OF AN ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF MICHAEL OPARA FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE UMUDIKE ABIA STATE) 388. PROBLEM OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN ENUGU (A CASE STUDY OF FAMILY JOY PRODUCT) 389. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY IN NIGERIANA CASE STUDY OF WATER CORPORATION ENUGU 390. DEMOCRACY IN TRADE UNION (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE CIVIL SERVANT) 391. CHEM ENGR) MANUFACTURE OF CEILING BOARD USING LOCAL MATERIALS 392. THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE INDUSTRIES, MINES AND AGRICULTURE (NACCIMA), IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY ON NACCIMA, ENUGU, ENUGU STATE). 393. THE EFFECTS OF GOOD PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGEMENT ON PRODUCTIVITY OF DATA TEXTILE MILL ASABA 394. THE EFFECT OF THE INTRODUCTION OFCOMPUER INTO BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONSIN NIGERIA.(A case study of Golden Investment, Enugu) 395. THE NATURE, CONCEPT AND SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT IN AN ORGANISATION (A CASE STUDY OF NEPA) 396. AN APPRAISAL OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICE BY NIGERIAN CORPORATE ORGANISATIONS (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMBRA MOTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY EMENE-ENUGU) (ANAMMCO) 397. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS PRACTICES IN THE OIL SECTOR A CASE STUDY OF AFRICAN PETROLEUM’S PLC 398. EFFECT AND EVALUATION OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ITS EFFICIENCY (A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE NIGERIA PLC ENUGU STATE) 399. IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF NIGERIAN CIVIL SERVICE (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE) 400. CHEM ENGR)PRODUCTION OF BLACK AND BROWN POLISH BROWN POLISH 401. EFFECTS OF POOR MANAGEMENT IN PRIVATE OWNED ESTABLISHMENT. A CASE STUDY OF POWERFUL LIMITED ENUGU ENUGU STATE 402. INFORMATION SERVES AS THE LIFE WIRE OF EVERY BUSINESS (A CASE STUDY OF ROBAN STORE ENUGU) 403. EFFECTIVE CORPORATE IMAGE MANAGEMENT AS A STRATEGY FOR ENHANCING PROFITABILITY (A CASE STUDY OF PHINOMAR NIG. LTD NGWO, ENUGU AND FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA PLC, ENUGU. 404 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY A NECESSITY TO NIGERIA BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS (A CASE STUDY OF GUINNESS NIGERIA PLC ABA) 405. EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AS A STRATEGY TO MANAGEMENT (A CASE STUDY OF NITEL LTD) 406 A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF BANKING REGULATION AND SUPERVISION IN NIGERIA COMMERCIAL BANKS 407. THE INFLUENCE OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF GUNINNESS NIGERIA PLC BENIN CITY) 408. A STUDY ON THE STRATEGIES FOR HEALTHY EMPLOYER- EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP IN ORGANISATION (A CASE STUDY OF EMENTE COMPANY LIMITED EMENE ENUGU) 409. THE USE OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING 410. THE EFFECT OF UNBIDLE IMPORTATION ON INDEGINEOUS INDUSTRIES (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC) 411. MANAGEMENT OF EMPLOYEE WELFARE WITH EMPHASIS ON INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND STAFETY (A CASE STUDY OF PREMIER BREWERIES PLC ONITSHA) 412. PROBLEMS OF STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA COMPANIES (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA TELECOMMUNICATION PLC ONITSHA 413. AN APPRAISAL OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCILS EFFORTS TOWARDS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA) 414. IMPACT OF COMMUNICATION IN THE MANAGEMENT AN ORGANIZATION IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA TELECOMMUNICATION LIMITED ENUGU. 415. SOURCING RAW MATERIALS FOR SMALL-SCALE BUSINESS IN NIGERIA 416. THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN PRIVATE SECTOR (A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE ENUGU) 417. CONTRIBUTIONS OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS ENTERPRISES TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (A CASE STUDY OF OIL FIELD TRANSPORT) 418. A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE STRATEGIES OF THE EXPORTATION OF MADE IN NIGERIA GOODS IS A TOPIC CHOSEN FROM MARKETING FIELD 419. THE ROLES AND PROBLEMS OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS TO THE GROWTH OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU) 420. THE EFFECT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER INTO ORGANIZATION IN NIGERIA A CASE STUDY OF SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT,PORT HARCOURT REFINERY COMPANY (PHRC)EASTERN DIVISION OF RIVERS STATE 421. THE EFFECT OF INFLATION ON INCOME & WEALTH DISTRIBUTION OF THE NATION [A CASE STUDY OF THE PETROLEUM TRAINING INSTITUTION (PTI) EFURU WARRI] 422. THE IMPACT OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES IN SOLVING UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF OJI RIVER L.G.A ENUGU) 423. PROBLEMS AND ACHIEVEMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT. A CAE STUDY OF FEDERAL MORTGAGE BANK ENUGU 424. THE PRESS IN NIGERIAN POLITICS: ANALYSIS OF ISSUES AND PATTERNS OF NEWS COVERAGE 425. THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC DEPARTMENT DEPRESSION IN THE MARKETING OF PAINT PRODUCT (A CASE STUDY OF ANDY GROUP OF COMPANY) 426. THE NEED FOR EFFICIENT INVENTORY MANAGEMENT IN A MANUFACTURING COMPANY(A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY N.B.C ENUGU STATE) 427. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN BUSINESS ORGANISATIONA CASE SYUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES PLC9TH MILE CONER ENUGU 428. ECONOMIC EFFECT OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE NIGERIA ECONOMY (A STUDY OF IGBO ETITI NORTH) 429. ND LOW PRODUCTIVITY IN OUR PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ECONOMY. 430. ND REASONS FOR LOW PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES. (A CASE STUDY OF PREMIER CASHEW INDUSTRY OGHE) 431. THE PROBLEMS OF REVENUE GENERATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NIGERIA. 432. ECONOMIC EFFECT OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY (A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH) 433. MASS COM THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION FOR EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE. (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO ANAMBRA MOTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY LTD) 434. THE ISSUES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A MUST TO NIGERIA BUSINESS ORGANIZATION(A CASE STUDY OF GUINESS NIGERIA PLC). 435. PROBLEMS OF ALLOCATION, DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF PETROLUM PRODUCTS. (A CASE STUDY OF NNPC DEPOT IN ENUGU EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT, ENUGU STATE) 436. THE IMPACT OF SALARY INCREASE AND FRINGE BENEFITS AMONG NIGERIAN WORKERS (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU RAILWAY CORPORATION) 437. THE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN BUSINESS ORGANISAITONS (A CASE STUDY OF NIGER BREWERIES PLC, ENUGU) 438. THE MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION EFFECTS AND MEANS OF CREATING AWARENESS ON RADIO AND TELEVISION FOR BEVERAGE (A CASE STUDY OF MILO FOOD DRINKS) 439.MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF IN-LAND FISHERIES RESOURCES IN NIGERIA: (A CASE STUDY OF OSIMIRI DUDU FLOOD POND IN ANAMBRA STATE). 440. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON WORKERS, PERFORMANCE(A CASE STUDY OF NIKE LAKE, RESORT ENUGU) A RESEARCH PROJECT CARRIED OUT 441. THE CONCEPT OF PROFITABLILITY FACTORS AS A GUIDE TO POLICY DECISION. 442 CHEMICAL DEPT , PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY FOAM 443. ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF A SMALL SCALE POULTRY FARM AT OMUMA IN ORU EAST L.G.A. IMO STATE. 444. PUBLIC RELATIONS AS A TOOL FOR CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE NIGER DELTA REGION. (A CASE STUDY OF NIGER DELTA DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION) 445. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF MARKETINGPETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN NIGERIA (CASE STUDY OF STUDY OF INFRA OIL COMPANY NIGERIA PLC ENUGU – NGWO) 446. MANAGING RURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INDUSTRALIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF AWGU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA) 447. EFFICIENT CORPORATE IMAGE MANAGEMENT AS A STRATEGY FOR ENHANCING PROFITABLITY (A CASE STUDY OF PHINOMAR NIGERIA LIMITED NGWO) 448. CAPITAL INVESTMENT APPRAISAL A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEB PUBLIC AND PRIVATE COMPANIES ( A CASE STUDY PAINOMAR NIG. LTD)

449 EXPORATATION OF -MADE IN NIGERIA- AS A TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGERIA ECONOMY. 450 PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENT OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF FARMER IN UDI LOCAL GOVEEENMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE) 451 THE EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON MANAGEMENT OF AN ORGANISATION 452 THE ROLE OF NIGERIAN DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION IN DISTRESSED BANKS 454 INVENTORY VALUATION, MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE LIMITED, ENUGU) 445 THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT SUCCESSION IN AN ORGANIZATION’S GOAL ATTAINMENT (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION) 450 THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND OGANISATONAL PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMCO ENUGU ) 452 CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATION GAP IN OFFICE ADMINISTRATIVE EFFICIENCY (A CASE STUDY OF UDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA)

453 THE IMPACT OF APPRENTICESHIP ON THE MANPOWER NEEDS IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS) 454 THE EFFECTS OF MOTIVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT WORKERS (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT) 455 THE RELEVANCE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHARE LAND SCHEME TO THE CITIZENS OF ENUGU STATE IN THE ONGOING PRIVATIZATION PROGRAMME (A CASE STUDY OF NEPA DISTRICT ENUGU) 456 THE EFFECTS OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH (A CASE STUDY OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND ENUGU AREA OFFICE)

457 APPLICATION OF QUALITY CONTROL IN NIGERIA INDUSTRIES (A CASE STUDY OF MICHELIN PORT HARCOUT)

458 THE BENEFIT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RECOURSES (AS CASE STUDY OF DIAMOND BANK PLC ENUGU). 459THE ROLE OF EFFICIENT INVENTORY MANAGEMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMBRA MOTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY – ANAMMCO 460 A STUDY OF THE DETECTION AND CHECKS OF CLAIMS FRAUD IN THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY. A CASE STUDY OF INSURANCE COMPANY IN ENUGU STATE. 461 PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENT OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF FARMER IN UDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE) 462 THE ROLE OF PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT IN ENHANCING INDUSTRIAL HARMONY (A CASE STUDY OF HARVARD TRUST SAVINGS AND LOANS LIMITED ENUGU) 463 THE EFFECTS OF ADVERTISING ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN ENUGU METROPOLIS (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY 9TH MILE ENUGU) 464 THE IMPACT OF CRIME WAVE IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY.

465 NIGERIAN MAINTENANE CULTURE: AN INTITUTION INTO NIGERIAN POSTAL SERVICES (NIPOST) 466 MARKETING OF LIFE ASSURANCE POLICIES IN NIGERIA PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

467 MANAGEMENT OF EMPLOYEE GRIEVANCES (A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHMENT IN ENUGU STATE

468 GOODWILL MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION A CASE STUDY OF PHINOMAR FEEDS NIG. LTD NGWO 469 THE EFFECT OF PRIVATIZATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT OWNED COMPANIES IN A DEPRESSED ECONOMY LIKE NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY AS CON OIL PLC. ENUGU)

470 ORIENTATION TO WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN ENUGU SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA. 471 MANAGEMENT OF PENSION SCHEMES IN NIGERIA PUBLIC SERVICE (A CASE STUDY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PENSION/ESTABLISHMENT, ENUGU STATE PUBLIC SERVICE) 472 COST MINIMIZATION AS AN APPROACH TO IMPROVING EFFICIENCY IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES 473 MOTIVATION A SUCCESS FACTOR IN ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO NIGERIA LIMITED) 474 MANAGEMENT OF CRISES IN AN ORGANIZATION. (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO PLC EMENE ENUGU) 475 THE STATUS OF BUSINESS EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

476 AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELEVANCE OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY INTO TEACHING – LEARNING PROCESS

CII today organized a Seminar on Reforms in the APMC (Agricultural Produce Market Committee) Act , and its impact in the Southern States. This is an initiative of the Agri Business Sub-Committee, CII-Southern Region. Speaking at the occasion, Mr. Shankarlal Guru, Chairman-International Society for Agricultural Marketing said Agricultural sector is in urgent need of reforms by the respective State governments to help drive the economy to a higher growth rate that is expected by the policy makers, but a comprehensive agenda for reforms in this crucial sector is yet to emerge. Hence, the need for Agriculture to be made a central subject and not a state subject, thus alienating it from politics, said Mr. Guru. Contract farming should be encouraged as it will help bring technology and modern practices into the agriculture sector – opined Mr. Guru.

The APMC Act in each state of India requires all agricultural products to be sold only in government – regulated markets. These markets impose substantial taxes on buyers, in addition to commissions and fees taken by middlemen, but typically provide little service in areas such as price discovery, grading or inspection. A key impact of this regulation is the inability of private sector processors and retailers to integrate their enterprises directly with farmers or other sellers, eliminating middlemen in the process. Farmers also are unable to legally enter into contracts with buyers. This leaves no incentives for farmers to upgrade, and inhibits private and foreign investments in the food process sector.

Also addressing the audience was Mr. Sivakumar, Chairman Agri Business Sub-Committee, CII-Southern Region and Chief Executive – Agri, ITC Ltd. Said that Agri business in India is at a transition point. Having sailed through the shortage economy to an economy with surplus in grains, it is important that Governments at the Centre and State recognize the need for inclusive growth to take agriculture forward in India. Setting the context for the day’s discussion, Mr. Sivakumar emphasized that in spite of employing about 57% of the population of the country, agriculture on contributes 27% to the GDP of India. This distortion makes agriculture not a lucrative employment generator and hence, keeping with the global view, India needs to carve out opportunities in agri-exports sector. Contract farming and direct marketing to retail chains and processing units are the need of the hour he said.

Regulations to keep pace with these needs are required, which need alternative marketing mechanisms. Hence, reforms in the APMC Act are recommended in various fields, he added.

Making a presentation on “Aligning State Policies with emerging new marketing models”, Prof. S Raghunath from the Indian Institute of Management-Bangalore, emphasized the need for an effective and efficient distribution system for agri-produce and provision for supply-demand transparency. Since the main objective of the APMC Act was to prevent exploitation of farmers by various intermediaries, reforms were required in the Act, with changing face of agriculture and the agricultural supply chain, opined Prof Raghunath. India is the largest producer of vegetable in the world, with a total share of 15% of global produce. 8% of world’s fruits are produced in India, ranking it second in the world market. In spite of this, there is a high cumulative wastage of 40% in India, informed Prof. Raghunath. Inadequate infrastructure and lack of organized supply chain were the main cause for such a disparity, he said. Thus, reforms in this sector need to catch up with the pace of development in the economy and dis-intermediation and participation of organized players in the sector will remove the lacunae, opined Prof. Raghunath.

Centre asks states to amend APMC Act

In a move to allow farmers to directly sell their produce to industry, contract farming and setting up of competitive markets in private and cooperative sector, the Centre has asked the state government to amend the Agricultural Produce Marketing Act.

Under the present Act, the processing industry cannot buy directly from farmers. The farmer is also restricted from entering into direct contract with any manufacturer because the produce is required to be canalised through regulated markets. These restrictions are acting as a disincentive to farmers, trade and industries.

The government has recently approved a central sector scheme titled Development/strengthening of agricultural marketing infrastructure, grading and standardisation.

Under the scheme, credit linked investment subsidy shall be provided on the capital cost of general or commodity specific infrastructure for marketing of agricultural commodities and for strengthening and modernisation of existing agricultural markets, wholesale, rural periodic or in tribal areas.

The scheme is linked to reforms in state law dealing with agricultural markets (APMC Act). Assistance under the new scheme will be provided in those states that amend the APMC Act.

The Centre has asked the state governments to inform as to whether necessary amendments to the APMC Act have been carried out, in order to notify the reforming states for applicability of the scheme.

Along with the Centre, the industry is also interested in the amendment to the APMC Act as it restricts the growth of trade in agricultural commodities.

The policy regime pertaining to internal trade is particularly restrictive. The agricultural sector continues to be hamstrung by a plethora of controls, which were introduced during the era of shortages, said the PHDCCI.

Meanwhile, a decentralised system of procuring wheat and rice would make the Public Distribution System more cost effective, the government has said.